Peruのパスポート写真

Peru Passport Photo -- Complete Guide

Peru's passport system involves two government agencies: the Superintendencia Nacional de Migraciones (Migraciones) for passport issuance, and the Registro Nacional de Identificacion y Estado Civil (RENIEC) for the national ID card (Documento Nacional de Identidad, or DNI). The two systems use different photo capture methods, which is a source of confusion for Peruvian citizens. Since the introduction of the biometric e-Passport in 2016, Migraciones has enforced strict ICAO-compliant photo standards at all its offices and through Peruvian consulates worldwide.

Requirements are published on migraciones.gob.pe. These apply to all Peruvian passport applications -- standard (pasaporte ordinario), diplomatic, official, and emergency travel documents. The DNI photo is managed separately by RENIEC and follows the same 35x45mm specification, but the capture process differs significantly.

Official Photo Requirements

Physical dimensions:

• 35 x 45 mm (413 x 531 pixels at 300 DPI)
• Head height: 25-35 mm from chin to crown
• Face centered in the frame with some space above the head

Digital specifications (Migraciones online):

• Format: JPEG
• Minimum resolution: 600 x 600 pixels
• File size: under 5 MB
• Full-colour photo

Background and lighting:

• Plain white background -- no blue, grey, or cream
• No shadows on the face or background
• Even, front-facing lighting
• Natural skin tones without enhancement

Expression and pose:

• Neutral expression, mouth closed, both eyes open
• Face directly facing the camera
• Full face visible from hairline to chin
• No head tilt, turn, or exaggerated expression

Clothing and accessories:

• Glasses are strictly prohibited in all passport and DNI photos -- no prescription, reading, or sunglasses
• No hats, caps, or headwear of any kind
• Religious head coverings are permitted only with a signed declaration and must not obscure any part of the face from the hairline to the chin
• No headphones, earbuds, or earrings that obscure the face
• Civilian clothing only

Recency: Must be taken within the last 6 months.

Migraciones vs RENIEC -- Understanding the Process

This is the most important distinction for Peruvians taking passport photos:

Migraciones (passport): Your passport photo is captured live at a Migraciones office using their own biometric equipment. You sit in front of a controlled white backdrop, and the system captures your face digitally. You do not bring printed photos to a Migraciones office for a passport application -- the office handles everything. This applies to the main Migraciones office in Breña (Lima), as well as branch offices in Arequipa, Trujillo, Cusco, Piura, Chiclayo, Huancayo, and Iquitos.

RENIEC (DNI): Your DNI photo is also captured live at RENIEC offices and Plataformas MAC. Like Migraciones, RENIEC uses its own equipment and white backdrop. You cannot bring your own photo for a DNI application.

Consulates abroad: Peruvian consulates in cities like Miami, New York, Los Angeles, Madrid, Buenos Aires, Santiago, Rome, Tokyo, and others process passport applications for Peruvians abroad. Some consulates capture photos on-site with their own equipment, while others require you to bring printed 35x45mm photos. Check with your specific consulate -- typically 2-4 photos are needed.

How to Take Your Peruvian Passport Photo at Home

Even though Migraciones and RENIEC capture photos on-site, there are reasons to prepare one at home: consular applications that require printed photos, online services that need a digital photo, and practicing to ensure your photo will pass on-site screening.

Camera setup: Use a smartphone with at least 5 megapixels. Rear camera only -- front cameras mirror the image and have lower resolution. Place the phone at eye level on a tripod or stack of books. Stand 1.2 metres from the camera. Use the timer.

Background: A clean white wall. Many Peruvian homes have concrete walls painted in pastels -- these photograph as coloured, not white. Test by taking a photo and checking the background on your screen. If it is not pure white, tape a large sheet of white cardboard or a white sheet behind you. Stand 15 cm from the wall to minimize shadows.

Lighting: Lima's overcast sky produces excellent diffused light for passport photos. In highland cities like Cusco and Huancayo, the sunlight is intense due to altitude -- avoid direct sunlight and use shade or curtains to diffuse it. In Amazonian cities like Iquitos, use a window facing away from direct afternoon sun. If shooting indoors, two lamps at 45-degree angles produce even lighting.

Altitude considerations (highland cities): If you are in Cusco, Huancayo, or other high-altitude cities, the UV light can cause washed-out skin tones in photos. Shoot in open shade (not direct sun) and avoid overexposure. Check your phone's exposure settings and reduce brightness slightly if the face appears overly bright.

Where to Get Passport Photos in Peru

• Photo studios near Migraciones offices -- PEN 5-10 for a set of photos. Every Migraciones branch has nearby studios. The studios on Avenida Espana in Breña (near the main Lima Migraciones office) are the best-known. Specify "foto tipo pasaporte, fondo blanco" (passport-type photo, white background).
• Foto Japan -- PEN 8-12. Peru's version of this chain operates in Lima shopping centres (Jockey Plaza, Plaza San Miguel, Mega Plaza). Reliable quality and correct specifications.
• RENIEC-adjacent studios -- PEN 5-8. Studios near RENIEC offices and Plataformas MAC. These are technically unnecessary since RENIEC captures your photo on-site, but they serve those who need printed photos for other documents.
• Metro / Tottus / Plaza Vea photo counters -- PEN 5-10. Some large supermarket locations offer passport photo services at their photo departments.
• Boticas (pharmacies) -- PEN 5-8 at InkaFarma and MiFarma locations with photo printing services (mainly in Lima and other large cities).

Budget tip: Prepare your photo digitally using an online passport photo tool, then print at any "centro de impresiones" or internet cafe for PEN 1-2 per 4x6 sheet. This approach is most useful for Peruvians applying at consulates abroad, where finding a studio familiar with Peruvian specifications can be difficult.

DNI (Documento Nacional de Identidad) Photos

The DNI uses the same 35x45mm specifications as the passport. However, RENIEC always captures the photo live at their offices. You cannot submit printed photos for a DNI. The electronic DNI (DNIe) stores biometric data including your facial image.

Key difference: For a passport at Migraciones within Peru, photos are also captured live. For consular passport applications abroad, you may need printed photos. For a DNI at RENIEC, photos are always captured live -- no exceptions.

Common Rejection Reasons

At Migraciones and RENIEC offices, rejections happen in real-time during the live capture. The biometric system displays an error if compliance fails. Common issues:

1. Glasses worn -- The system rejects any photo with glasses immediately. Remove all eyewear before sitting for your capture.
2. Expression not neutral -- Smiling, even slightly, triggers rejection. The biometric system needs a perfectly neutral face.
3. Eyes not fully open -- Squinting or partially closed eyes fail the face-detection algorithm. If you have bright-light sensitivity, let the operator know.
4. Head not straight -- Any tilt or turn causes rejection. Face the camera directly.
5. Clothing blending with background -- White clothing against the white background can cause issues. Wear a dark or coloured top.
6. Shadows from overhead lighting -- Even at Migraciones offices, some stations have imperfect lighting. If the capture fails, ask the operator to adjust the lights.

Baby and Child Passport Photos (Foto de Pasaporte para Menores)

Both Migraciones and RENIEC process applications for Peruvian children. Since photos are captured live at the office, the biometric station operator handles infant positioning, but parents should know the rules.

Bebes menores de 1 ano: At Migraciones, the operator positions the baby on a reclined support surface with a white backdrop or on a parent's lap with the parent hidden behind. The biometric system tolerates partially closed eyes for infants under 6 months. No chupon (pacifier), biberon (bottle), or toys visible. The baby must be the only face in the capture. For consular applications abroad requiring printed photos, lay the baby face-up on a white sheet and photograph from directly above. Take at least 20 rapid shots.

Ninos de 1 a 5 anos: Both eyes open, neutral expression, facing the camera. The Migraciones biometric system retakes automatically if it cannot detect a compliant face. Operators at the Breña office in Lima are experienced with toddlers and allow time for the child to settle. Coastal humidity in Lima can cause restlessness -- dress the baby lightly for the appointment.

Ninos de 6 en adelante: Full adult specifications apply, including the strict glasses prohibition.

Altitude and baby photos (highland cities): In Cusco, Huancayo, and Puno, the intense UV light at high altitude can wash out an infant's skin tone in photos. If preparing a photo at home in these cities, shoot in open shade -- not direct sunlight. The altitude light is deceptive; what appears evenly lit to the eye often produces overexposed results on camera. Check the photo on your phone screen immediately after shooting and reduce exposure if the baby's face appears too bright.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Do I need to bring photos to Migraciones for a passport? A: No. Within Peru, your passport photo is captured digitally at the Migraciones office. You sit at the biometric station and the system photographs you. For applications at Peruvian consulates abroad, check with your consulate -- some capture photos on-site, others require you to bring printed 35x45mm photos.

Q: Can I use my DNI photo for my passport? A: No. Each document captures its own photo independently. The RENIEC and Migraciones systems do not share photo databases. Your passport photo is taken at Migraciones and your DNI photo at RENIEC.

Q: How long does Peruvian passport processing take? A: Within Peru, standard processing at a Migraciones office takes 3-5 business days in Lima and 5-10 days at regional offices. Same-day express processing is available in Lima for an additional fee. Applications through consulates abroad take 4-12 weeks.

Q: Can I wear glasses in my Peruvian passport photo? A: No. Glasses are strictly prohibited in all Peruvian passport and DNI photos. This includes clear prescription lenses and sunglasses.

Q: What if my passport photo at Migraciones keeps failing? A: The biometric system has specific thresholds. Common fixes: remove all eyewear, adopt a completely neutral expression, keep both eyes wide open, face the camera squarely, and wear a top that contrasts with the white background. The operator can help adjust lighting if needed.

Q: I am applying at a Peruvian consulate in the US. Can I use a US pharmacy passport photo? A: No. US pharmacies produce 51x51mm (2x2 inch) photos. Peru requires 35x45mm. You need to create or obtain a photo in the correct Peruvian format.